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Essay Topics For Oscar Wiled
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers Essay
Broad communications is media which is proposed for a huge crowd. It might appear as communicate media, as on account of TV and radio, or print media, similar to papers and magazines. Web media can likewise achieve broad communications status, and many broad communications outlets keep up a web nearness to exploit the prepared accessibility of Internet in numerous districts of the world. A few people additionally allude to the broad communications as the ââ¬Å"mainstream media,â⬠referencing the way that it will in general keep up with conspicuous accounts which will bear some significance with a general crowd, here and there disregarding dubious breaking news. Numerous individuals around the globe depend on the broad communications for news and diversion, and all around, broad communications is an immense industry. Typically, broad communications expects to arrive at a huge market, for example, the whole populace of a nation. On the other hand, neighborhood media covers an a lot littler populace and region, concentrating on local updates on intrigue, while claim to fame media is accommodated specific segment gatherings. The benefit of running activity in broad communications is that one can set up a foundation of medium to disperse ideal message. The upside of assaulting broad communications is that one can develop his/her notoriety for being not so much one-sided but rather more goal. The upside of co-working with broad communications is that one can facilitate the concerns of being ââ¬Å"black mouthedâ⬠by media associations. The upside of purchasing corporate occupied with broad communications is that one can get a major resource for exchange with ideological groups and the legislature. Disservices of broad communications Well I trust it comes down to the guardians or watchmen in any case. Obviously more youthful ages shouldnââ¬â¢t be looking as much TV if by any stretch of the imagination. The vast majority of the primetime shows and stations are turning out to be increasingly more latent on what not to appear. Having more youthful kids exposed to bareness, reviling, extramarital perversion, drinking and other negative grown-up situated material is obviously inadmissible, hell even unsatisfactory for grown-ups on occasion. In the event that the guardians let their kids watch wrong shows on TV Iââ¬â¢m sure investigations have indicated the probability of these youngsters being engaged with such issues later on throughout everyday life.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Church History :: essays research papers fc
Christianity Begins On a late evening, in about the year AD 33, two men were strolling from Jerusalem to the close by town of Emmaus. Their discussion focused on occasions that had happened the earlier week. As they ventured, a more unusual who appeared to be uninformed of these occasions gone along with them. Shocked, they asked him: "Are you the main individual remaining in Jerusalem not to comprehend what has occurred there in the last not many days?" So they disclosed to him about a specific Jesus of Nazareth, "a prophet incredible in discourse and activity before God and the entire individuals. Our main clerics and rulers gave him over to the Roman specialists to be condemned to death, and they killed him. In any case, we were trusting that he was the man to free Israel." Even additionally astounding, they proceeded to state, were reports from certain ladies who visited his burial place that he was alive once more, raised from the dead. Abruptly the more odd spok e: "How dull-witted both of you are! Also, how delayed to accept all that the prophets said. Was not the savior bound to endure hence before entering upon his glory?" Then he proceeded to explain from the Hebrew sacred writings all the entries that alluded to himself. For the outsider was Jesus of Nazareth, of whom the two had been talking. In view of the life, demise and waking up again of Jesus Christ there has built up the world's biggest religion, Christianity. Desire and Reality The two men making a course for Emmaus were not straightforward basic people. They were a chosen gathering of twelve devotees, called pupils or students, of Jesus who had known him for at any rate three years. During this period they had tuned in to all he said and had seen his astonishing activities, for example, mending the debilitated, offering sight to the visually impaired and hearing to the hard of hearing and in any event, breathing life into individuals back. They had become persuaded that he was the Messiah who was to reclaim Israel. Israel needed and anticipated recovery. This little Jewish country, situated in the eastern piece of the Roman Empire, had for a considerable length of time anticipated when their God would, through some definitive activity, free them from outside mistreatment and build up Israel as the transcendent country on the planet. The word savior implies "the master's anointed," somebody God has saved for a particular errand. Christians accept that Jesus, from the modest community of Nazareth in Galilee, was that Messiah.
Recruitment, Training and Compensation Assignment
Enlistment, Training and Compensation - Assignment Example A Telenor organization is absolutely 100% claimed by Telenor ASA notwithstanding includes to its tasks in the landmass Asia in addition to nation Malaysia,Pakistan , Thailand, and Bangladesh. In March of the year 2005 Telenor in Pakistan effectively propelled its tasks in Pakistan simply like a solitary greatest direct European speculation, while setting their need for additional increasingly outside interests in the part of telecom (Telenor Group, 2012). As of end of December in the time of 2013 ,It has an endorser base of around 150 million everywhere throughout the world. It explicitly positioned among the best 500 biggest portable administrator on the planet with an aggregate of around 150 million of endorsers in the versatile activities. The organization names Telenor ASA is really a universal supplier of exceptionally top notch broadcast communications, all information alongside media correspondence administrations. They have widened themselves from corner to corner in the nati on where they have worked, and having around in excess of thirty one thousand or more worker . Telenor has set up phone tasks in 12 unique markets and also in 17 markets by means of ourâ ownership in VimpelCom Ltd. ... The procedure of Personnel choice is the efficient position of people into the principle employments for the term of which applications are determined against as of now accessible and offered opportunities and assessed according to the abilities, gifts and experience of the candidate in the consistence with the Telenor choice technique that is no ifs, ands or buts indicated in the Recruitment Policy. . . . . . The procedure or the strategy that Telenor embraced is as such as portrayed beneath: Coordination with the entirety of the divisions on the enrollments and sourcing of the all around qualified applicants in congruity with an affirmed employing plan. Employment notice is done through site or the papers or by means of outsider enlistment sources. . . . . . . . CV Screening and short posting, just as directing meetings in addition to tests. Synchronize with the chose colleges for graduate arrangements and temporary position. A fitting match is basic and obligatory among culture an d representative in the enlistment hand employing if the individual Excellence Division feels simply like an individual won't be fit to alter in the earth of the association, in spite of the fact that he/she is doing practically well indeed, the individual is totally dismissed. . . . . The ability and the suitable aptitudes that are really required by the principle and significant organization Telenor is that every single representative ought to have exceptionally excellent correspondence expertise, must be result situated, should be creating yourself just as others having the capacity of advancement , ought to be an awesome cooperative person. Question no 3:Outline a preparation and advancement system for your chose MNE that could be utilized to viably meet hierarchical necessities for working in various nations Telenor is
Friday, August 21, 2020
How to Use the Italian Verbs Sapere and Conoscere
The most effective method to Use the Italian Verbs Sapere and Conoscere ââ¬Å"I realize how to play the pianoâ⬠and ââ¬Å"I know him.â⬠While the principle action word ââ¬Å"to knowâ⬠in those two expressions doesnââ¬â¢t contrast in English, it does in Italian. Truth be told, the two action words you would utilize would be either ââ¬Å"sapereâ⬠or ââ¬Å"conoscere.â⬠Both intend to know, however have various ramifications. Sapere intends to knowâ⬠in the feeling of to have the option to, or to know how to. It can likewise be comprehended as thinking about a circumstance or a reality, as ââ¬Å"Non sapevo che tu fossi qui. - I didnââ¬â¢t realize that you were here.â⬠Conoscere, then again, implies ââ¬Å"to knowâ⬠in the feeling of ââ¬Å"to know someoneâ⬠or ââ¬Å"to know a territory, town, café, and so forth. Models With Sapereâ in the Present Tense Non so sciare. - I donââ¬â¢t know how to ski.So cantare. - I realize how to sing. /I am ready to sing.Non lo so. - I donââ¬â¢t know.Non so la risposta giusta. - I donââ¬â¢t know the privilege answer.Lei sa quando il treno arriva? - Do you know when the train shows up? (formal)So la lezione. - I know the exercise. TIP: The last model could likewise be utilized with the action word conoscere: ââ¬Å"Conosco la lezione. - à I arranged for todayââ¬â¢s lesson.â⬠Utilizing Sapere in Other Tenses (Il condizionale) Credo di sã ¬, ma...non saprei. - I accept things being what they are, but...I wouldnââ¬â¢t know.(Lââ¬â¢imperfetto) Sapevi che Marco frequenta qualcuno? - Did you realize that Marco is dating someone?(Lââ¬â¢imperfetto) Non sapevo che tu volessi imparare lââ¬â¢italiano! - I didnââ¬â¢t realize that you needed to learn Italian! TIP: If you need to state something like ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m ready to communicate in Italian,â⬠you would utilize the action word ââ¬Å"riuscireâ⬠. For instance, ââ¬Å"Riesco a parlare bene Italiano. - Iââ¬â¢m ready to communicate in Italian well.â⬠Instances of the Verb Conoscere in the Present Tense Non conosciamo Bologna molto bene. - We dont know Bologna well overall. /We arenââ¬â¢t acquainted with Bologna.Il ristorante si chiama Lââ¬â¢archetto? Mhh, non lo conosco. - The eatery is called Lââ¬â¢archetto? Gee, I donââ¬â¢t know it.Quel film con Hugh Grant? Quello in cui conosce unââ¬â¢attrice e si innamorano? - Do you realize that Hugh Grant film? The one where he meets that on-screen character and they begin to look all starry eyed at? Conoscere in Other Tenses (Il passato prossimo) Ho conosciuto Francesca a casa di Giuseppe. - I met Francesca at Giuseppes house.(Il passato prossimo) Li Abbiamo conosciuti tre anni fa. - We met them three years ago.(Limperfetto) Da bambino conoscevo bene New York, mama tutto time cambiato da quel periodo. - When I was a child, I realized New York well, however everything has changed since that time. TIP: Unlike the action word ââ¬Å"conoscere,â⬠which implies something very similar when conjugated in the present, past, or blemished tenses, the importance of ââ¬Å"sapereâ⬠changes when in the passato prossimo structure. For instance, when you state ââ¬Å"Ieri sera ho saputo che lei viene qua. - Last night I discovered that sheââ¬â¢s coming here.â⬠So, you could characterize ââ¬Å"sapereâ⬠in the past tense as ââ¬Å"to find out.ââ¬
Ghosts in The Womans Warrior free essay sample
An assessment of the idea of apparitions in Maxine Hong Kingstons epic 'The Womans Warrior. Chinese-American creators have assumed a persuasive job in featuring the outrages of their local culture and in outlining the issues that foreigners experience when they move to the United States. The paper takes a gander at the works of Maxine Hong Kingston who named every one of her issues and different social, ethnic and social hindrances as Ghosts in her novel, The Woman Warrior.' This paper digs further into the subject of apparitions and clarifies what phantoms spoke to in this novel.
Wednesday, July 1, 2020
Leadership Skills Transformational And Transactional Leadership - 825 Words
Leadership Skills: Transformational And Transactional Leadership (Essay Sample) Content: Organizations today place multiple demands on leaders, requiring them to impart vision, initiate change, and make difficult decisions. To handle these demands, leaders must be flexible and adaptable. Transformational leadership Transformational leadership blends the behavioral theories with a little dab of trait theories. Transactional leaders, such as those identified in contingency theories, guide followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements. However, transformational leaders, who are charismatic and visionary, can inspire followers to transcend their own selfâ⬠interest for the good of their organizations. Transformational leaders appeal to followers' ideals and moral values and inspire them to think about problems in new or different ways. These leaders influence followers through vision, framing, and impression management. Vision is the ability of the leader to bind people together with an idea. Framing is the process whereby leaders define the purpose of their movements in highly meaningful terms. Impression management is an attempt to control the impressions that others form of a leader by practicing behaviors that make him or her more attractive and appealing to others. A transformational leader instills feelings of confidence, admiration, and commitment in his or her followers. This type of leader is charismatic, creating a special bond with followers and articulating a vision with which his or her followers identify and for which these followers are willing to work. Each follower is coached, advised, and delegated some authority. The transformational leader stimulates followers intellectually, arousing them to develop new ways to think about problems. This leader uses contingent rewards to positively reinforce performances that are consistent with his or her wishes. Management is by exception. Transformational leaders take initiative only when problems occur and are not actively involved when things are going well. He or she commits people to actions and converts followers into leaders. Research indicates that transformational, as compared to transactional, leadership is more strongly correlated with lower turnover rates, higher productivity, and higher employee satisfaction. Transformational leaders are relevant to today's workplace because they are flexible and innovative. Although it is important to have leaders with the appropriate orientation defining tasks and managing interrelationships, it is even more important to have leaders who can bring organizations into futures they have not yet imagined. Transformational leadership is the essence of creating and sustaining competitive advantage. Change leadership Today's business world is highly competitive. The way for an organization to survive is by reshaping to meet the needs of a rapidly changing world. Resistance to change is a deadâ⬠end street for employees and for the organization. Leaders need to emphasize action to make the change as quickly and smoothly as possible. Organizations go through a fourâ⬠stage life cycle. For some organizations, the four periods of growth come and go very rapidly; for others, that process may take decades. Failure to follow through with the needed changes in any of the four growth periods could mean the end for an organization. Throughout these periods of change, which is just about all the time for a good organization, leaders must concentrate on having their people go from change avoidance to change acceptance. The five steps that accompany changeââ¬âfor individuals facing lifeâ⬠altering circumstances and for organizations facing fundamental shiftsââ¬âare denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally, acceptance. Often a worker's first reaction to change is to resist it. An employee becomes comfortable performing tasks and processes a certain way. These comfort levels provide employees with the security of knowing that they are the masters of their work environment. Employees fear that change could disrupt their lives by making their jobs harder or causing them to lose their sense of control. Leaders can help the change process by changing their employees' attitudes from avoidance into acceptance. This change is accomplished by managers as strong leaders transforming their employees' avoidance questions and statements into acceptance questions: * From ââ¬Å"Why?â⬠to ââ¬Å"What new opportunities will this change provide?â⬠When employees ask ââ¬Å"why,â⬠a manager should focus on the benefits that the change will provide employees and the organization. * From ââ¬Å"How will this affect me?â⬠to ââ¬Å"What problems will this solve?â⬠Managers should let employees know what the problem is and how they will be part of the solution. * From ââ¬Å"We do not do it this wayâ⬠to ââ¬Å"What will be the result if we do it this new way?â⬠One of the first reactions is that a process never has been done this way. Managers should provide explanations and empathy. * From ââ¬Å"When will this be over so that we can get back to work?â⬠to ââ¬Å"What can I do to help?â⬠Managers should get employees involved in implementing the change. Managers need to keep in mind that feelings are contagious. By positively promoting a change, a leader makes others want to be part of it. Managers should also give employees the necessary authority and control to help bring the change about. So that employees do not feel powerless, managers should share their responsibilities. A manager should want his or her team members to feel useful and enthusiastic. Employees should be made to feel as though the change could not have happened without them. Leading in the learning organization An organization that encourages learning among its people is referred to as a learning organization. In a learning organization, employees are engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, change, and improve. Thus, the organization can increase its capacity to grow, learn, and achieve its purpose. In the learning organization, all employees look for problems, such as understanding special customer needs. Employees also solve problems, which means putting things together in unique ways to meet customer needs. A learning organization promotes exchanges of i...
Sunday, June 14, 2020
The Crusades A Page In Worlds History - Free Essay Example
The Crusades were multiple religious holy wars between the Christians and Muslims. To understand more of the Crusades you need to understand the religious background of it first. There were three major religions during the time of The Crusades which were Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Judaism is the oldest of the three religions, origins dating back to 1850 BC. The Christian religion began as a sect of Judaism, but soon attracted many non-Jewish converts and diverged further further and further from Jewish practices and beliefs. Christianity soon became the number one religious belief. Christians considered Jerusalem to be their most sacred city because it was the site of many important events in the life of Christ. Jerusalem and Israel fell under control of the Roman Empire during the first century A.D. the period in which Christianity arose. Emperor Constantine converted Christianity and declared it as the official religion of the Empire, enabling Christianity to spread throughout the vast territory under Roman domination. By the fifth century, the Roman Empire had grown so enormous that it was divided into two parts the western and eastern which was ruled by two emperors. Rome remained the capital of the western region while Byzantium renamed Constantinople in honor of Constantine served as the capital of the eastern region. The Western Church was governed by the pope in Rome and the Byzantine emperor was the head of the Eastern Church.à The division of the Roman Empire, as well as theà different fates of the two areas, contributed to a growing disparity between the eastern and western branches of Christianity. Overtime the Byzantine emperor and the Roman popes fought to gain total control over the church. Tension boiled when the pope excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople, one of the highest-ranking clergy of the Eastern Church. The Muslims also posed a threat to Western Christians. The southern regions of spain fell into the hands of Muslim invaders in the early seven hundreds, Sardinia and Corsica were toppled a century later, and Sicily came under Muslim domination in nine hundred and two. Throughout the eighth century, the Muslims made unsuccessfully advances on France; during the ninth century they raided several cities in southern Italy and terrorized the outskirts of Rome. During the tenth and eleventh centuries, popes led armies in repulsing the Muslims from Italy, and Spanish Christians began the long reconquest of their lands. Thus, by the time of the First Crusade, Western Europeans were long accustomed to fighting Muslims. Many people considered the Crusades as simply an extension of their struggle to drive the Muslims out of Europe. The common knights we think of when we hear about the crusades is a man in a full suit of armour and have a giant red cross on their chest. Theyââ¬â¢re called Templarââ¬â¢s. Founded by a knight from Champagne, Hugh of Paynes. Hugh persuaded King Baldwin the first of Jerusalem to give him a wing in the royal palace, which had once been a mosque and was situated in the area of the temple. The Templars, though at first being under Benedictine control, soon became independent and established themselves as a tight-knit community. With the active support of the king, they recruited far and wide, and formed themselves into three classes: first, the knights, who were often of noble birth and who wore a red cross on a black tunic. These sergeants, besides being warriors, also accepted as grooms, and bailiffs to the Templars. Thirdly the clerics, whose duties were religious, medical, and non-military. These knights were men of military and ambition who eagerly sought any opportunity of d efending the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of gaining favour with its king. The Templars in their pride did not bow their the knee to the king their only master being the pope. Soon the glamour and fighting-fame of the Templars rapidly spread through Europe, it was thought that these arrogant horsemen in the white tunics would become the most powerful Christians in the Arab world. The First Crusade began when pope Urban the second went to France and launched a titanic armed pilgrimage. The Crusaders set out on a quest to arrive at Constantinople. ââ¬Å"I arrived at Constantinople with great joy by the grace of god the emperor verily received me with dignity and honor and with the greatest affection as if I were his own son.â⬠Stephen of Blois wrote to his wife Adela after arriving in Constantinople. Hereââ¬â¢s some background information on Stephen and why he was an important aspect of the crusades.à Stephen, often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne in right of his wife. Stephens reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda. He was succeeded by Matildas son, Henry II, the first of the Angevin kings. Stephen was born in the County of Blois in middle France; his father, Count Stephen-Henry, died while Stephen was still young, and he was raised by his mother, Adela. Placed into the court of his uncle, Henry I, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. Stephen married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry Is son, William Adelin, in the sinking of the White Ship in 1120; Williams death left the succession of the English throne open to challenge. When Henry I died in 1135, Stephen quickly crossed the English Channel and with the help of his brother Henry of Blois, a powerful ecclesiastic, took the throne, arguing that the preservation of order across the kingdom took priority over his earlier oaths to support the claim of Henry Is daughter, Empress Matilda. The early years of Stephens reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy by David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matildas husband, Geoffrey of Anjou. In 1138 the Matildaââ¬â¢s half-brother Robert of Gloucester rebelled against Stephen, threatening civil war. Together with his close advisor, Waleran de Beaumont, Stephen took firm steps to defend his rule, including arresting a powerful family of bishops. When the Empress and Robert invaded in 1139, however, Stephen was unable to crush the revolt rapidly, and it took hold in the south-west of England. Captured at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, Stephen was abandoned by many of his followers and lost control of Normandy. Stephen was freed only after his wife and William of Ypres, one of his military commanders, captured Robert at the Rout of Winchester, but the war dragged on for many years with neither side able to win an advantage. Stephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne. The King tried to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. In 1153 the Empresss son, Henry FitzEmpress, invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. The two armies met at Wallingford, but neither sides barons were keen to fight another pitched battle. Stephen began to examine a negotiated peace, a process hastened by the sudden death of Eustace. Later in the year Stephen and Henry agreed to the Treaty of Winchester, in which Stephen recognised Henry as his heir in exchange for peace, passing over William, Stephens second son. Stephen died the following year. à à à Another important person who was an important aspect of the Crusades was Pope Urban II. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II made the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land. Born Odo of Lagery in 1042, Urban was a protege of the great reformer Pope Gregory VII. Like Gregory, he made internal reform his main focus, railing against simony (the selling of church offices) and other clerical abuses prevalent during the Middle Ages. Urban showed himself to be an adept and powerful cleric, and when he was elected pope in 1088, he applied his statecraft to weakening support for his rivals, which was Clement III. By the end of the 11th century, the Holy Land the area now commonly referred to as the Middle East had become a point of conflict for European Christians. Since the 6th century, Christians frequently made pilgrimages to Jerusalem, but when the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem, Christians were barred from the Holy City. When the Turks then threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople, Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made a special appeal to Urban for help. This was not the first appeal of its kind, but it came at an important time for Urban. Wanting to reinforce the power of the papacy, Urban seized the opportunity to unite Christian Europe under him as he fought to take back the Holy Land from the Turks. At the Council of Clermont, in France, at which several hundred clerics and noblemen gathered, Urban delivered a rousing speech summoning rich and poor alike to stop their in-fighting and embark on a righteous war to help their fellow Christians in the East and take back Jerusalem. Urban denigrated the Muslims, exaggerating stories of their anti-Christian acts, and promised absolution and remission of sins for all who died in the service of Christ. à à à Urbanââ¬â¢s war cry caught fire, mobilizing clerics to drum up support throughout Europe for the crusade against the Muslims. All told, between 60,000 and 100,000 people responded to Urbanââ¬â¢s call to march on Jerusalem. Not all who responded did so out of piety: European nobles were tempted by the prospect of increased land holdings and riches to be gained from the conquest. These nobles were responsible for the death of a great many innocents both on the way to and in the Holy Land, absorbing the riches and estates of those they conveniently deemed opponents to their cause. Adding to the death toll was the inexperience and lack of discipline of the Christian peasants against the trained, professional armies of the Muslims. As a result, the Christians were initially beaten back, and only through sheer force of numbers were they eventually able to triumph. Urban died in 1099, two weeks after the fall of Jerusalem but before news of the Christian victory made it back to Europe. His was the first of seven major military campaigns fought over the next two centuries known as the Crusades, the bloody repercussions of which are still felt today. Urban was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1881. The Western Church was governed by the pope in Rome and the Byzantine emperor was the head of the Eastern Church. The division of the Roman Empire, as well as the different fates of the two areas, contributed to a growing disparity between the eastern and western branches of Christianity. Hugh persuaded King Baldwin the first of Jerusalem to give him a wing in the royal palace, which had once been a mosque and was situated in the area of the temple. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne in right of his wife. When Henry I died in 1135, Stephen quickly crossed the English Channel and with the help of his brother Henry of Blois, a powerful ecclesiastic, took the throne, arguing that the preservation of order across the kingdom took priority over his earlier oaths to support the claim of Henry Is daughter, Empress Matilda. When the Empress and Robert invaded in 1139, however, Stephen was unable to crush the revolt rapidly, and it took hold in the s outh-west of England. Captured at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, Stephen was abandoned by many of his followers and lost control of Normandy. Urban showed himself to be an adept and powerful cleric, and when he was elected pope in 1088, he applied his statecraft to weakening support for his rivals, which was Clement III.By the end of the 11th century, the Holy Land the area now commonly referred to as the Middle East had become a point of conflict for European Christians. Wanting to reinforce the power of the papacy, Urban seized the opportunity to unite Christian Europe under him as he fought to take back the Holy Land from the Turks.At the Council of Clermont, in France, at which several hundred clerics and noblemen gathered, Urban delivered a rousing speech summoning rich and poor alike to stop their in-fighting and embark on a righteous war to help their fellow Christians in the East and take back Jerusalem. Urban denigrated the Muslims, exaggerating stories of their anti-Christian acts, and promised absolution and remission of sins for all who died in the service of Christ.
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