Euthanasia Should Be Legal - 1536 Words

The second source evaluated in regards to religion influencing whether euthanasia should be legal was â€Å"Euthanasia† written by Amelia Mihaela Diaconescu. Diaconescu has only written this journal in 1 July 2012 and nothing else. This shows a lack of credibility or that she is just starting to write. This was a peer reviewed article regarding what euthanasia is in the United States, England, Germany, Netherlands, Austria, and Holland. This is a strength because it shows diversity even though that all of these countries are developed they are still different. â€Å"Euthanasia, in its passive form (orthonasia) as acceptance of the will of God has been accepted by the Roman Catholic Church which has defined it as inaction or omission which by itself†¦show more content†¦This increases his credibility since he is not making up statistics just to get his point across. This blog article seems balanced when he interjects quotes from another doctor, Dr. Elliot Fisher. Both realize that modern medicine is increasing the life expectancy of terminally ill patients by only a few years while increasing billions of dollars spent. This shows a slight bias because he picked quotes that agree with what he is saying rather than choosing a counter argument. The final source used to discuss the economic factor in euthanasia was â€Å"‘The High Cost of Dying’: What Do the Data Show?† by Anne Scitovsky. Scitovsky was a Health Economist who died at age 96 on 16 January, 2012. Scitovsky was born in Germany and was very qualified to write this paper. In the very first paragraph of the article she states â€Å"Various studies of medical care expenditures show, it is argued, that we spend a â€Å"disproportionate† amount of our health care resources on patients who are terminally ill† (Scitovsky). A weakness in this statement is that she only says various studies but does not mention which studies she is talking about. A strength is that in the sentences before this one, she states the percents of national care expenditures that have risen including â€Å"in 1960 to 7.5 percent in 1970 and to 10.5 percent in 1982.† These percents are not estimated nor rounded so this strengthens her argument. She als o cites who she got the statistics from increasing her ownShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Should Not Be Legal1683 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is derived from the Greek, â€Å"eu† meaning good, and â€Å"thanatos† translating to death, together the word makes â€Å"good death†. A person who is terminally ill often goes through excruciating pain and suffering. Ultimately, the right to euthanize a terminally ill patient should be legal across the nation because that person doesn’t see an end to their anguish, so they wish to turn to euthanasia. Euthanasia frees the patient’s body and mind, lets them die with dignity, and their loved ones don’tRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal? Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The Right to Die Euthanasia is a concept that has been around for a very long time. It has been practiced since ancient Greece. We all have different opinions towards it; some of us might be for it and others against it. In most parts of the world Euthanasia is illegal. Many countries have denied the right to euthanasia, but is that fair and ethical? It is the painless killing of a patient’s agony from an incurable and painful disease. Euthanasia should be legal. SomeoneRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1387 Words   |  6 Pagesunexpectedly† (Wpadmin). This shows that many people show aversion towards euthanasia and would not want themselves to be euthanized. Euthanasia occurs when someone is suffering from a painful or incurable disease and they prefer to die. It is done by taking them off of life support or not giving them essential supplies to live such as food, medications, oxygen, and more. There are countless debates of whether or not euthanasia should be legal, and whethe r or not it benefits people. Some countries allow itRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1061 Words   |  5 PagesDetermining Euthanasia Millions of precious lives have been deliberately taken throughout the world due to the new Euthanasia Law. Euthanasia is the practicing of assisted suicide, due to terminally ill patients or depression. The practicing has just been legalized September 2015, and will be put into effect in California January 1 2016. Although, it is still being argued if adolescents should have the right fro this and if it’s morally correct all together. Euthanasia should be illegalRead MoreEuthanasia Should Not Be Legal1520 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia or commonly known as Physician-Assisted Suicide is defined as the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from an incurable and painful disease or is in an irreversible coma. It is an act that speeds up death. Some people consider euthanasia to be a mercy killing and others consider it to be murder. This practice is illegal in most countries. In the United States, however, six states have legalized physician-assisted suicide even though most states, 44 to be more specific, haveRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1919 Words   |  8 Pages Euthanasia is a widely debated topic of the 21st century. Many places have legalized it, others refuse to even talk about the subject. However, more and more people are wanting their right to die to be recognized while others fight back against that right. A lot has to go into the backing and thinking about euthanasia, beginning with the different types that there are. After that, you would have to look at both sides to analyze why it would be a good practice to have, or a bad one. ManyRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1311 Words   |  6 Pageshave used euthanasia, or physician assisted suicide. They used it with the purpose of releasing their soul and the pain that they could not endure any longer. Euthanasia is a process provided by the medical system today that involves active and passive euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is spreading across the world, and people are using it legally. In the U.S, euthanasia has been legalized in some states so people are trying t o take advantage of it. Many people have used euthanasia so they wouldRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1360 Words   |  6 PagesOwadara Adedamola ENG 101 Prof. Skeen 24 November 2015 Legalizing Euthanasia â€Å"Euthanasia is defined as conduct that brings about an easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable or painful disease or condition† (Muckart, et al 259). Euthanasia, also dying with dignity, is the practice of the termination of a terminally ill person s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. Euthanasia is one of today’s most controversial health issues with debates on people’s rightRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?2146 Words   |  9 PagesWho should be in charge of ending your life? Understanding euthanasia in its entirety can only be met when one knows the various forms it can take. They include passive, active, voluntary, and involuntary. Passive euthanasia refers to the practice of medical practitioners refraining from providing treatment in turn, allowing death. Active euthanasia, on the other hand, involves the deliberate killing of a person, using medical skills and knowledge as an instrument (Sheldon). The primary concern inRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe word euthanasia is defined as good death, but this meaning cannot be taken literally without analyzing its underlying implications (Vaughn 595). The primary issues that must be raised when discussing euthanasia are differentiating between active and passive forms, analyzing the values that people place on their life and realizing that euthanasia is beneficial. Euthanasia provides a means for patients who are in agony to be relieved of their condition while ensuring that doctors follow appropriate

Animal Experimentation Is Necessary For Medical Research

When picking up makeup or shampoo at a drug store, does one ever stop to think if an animal tested product is being bought or not? Innumerable people fail to consider how these products came to be or if there was animal experimentation was involved. Many people are oblivious to the appalling occurrences that take place in laboratories involving animal cruelty on a daily basis. Government officials and scientists believe that testing on animals is essential for medical research, but many of the results prove to be irrelevant and the reality is that most animals that are experimented on go through excruciating torture that frequently leads to death. Even though the methods of testing have greatly changed over the course of many years, this topic is widely debated between animal right’s activists, scientists and the government, as well as the public. It is inhumane to burn, electrocute, torture with drugs, poison with chemicals, or even kill an animal for the sake of a humanâ₠¬â„¢s well being. Although animal experimentation is a traditional method to develop more medical advancements with less human-based experiments, it is an expensive way of testing products and often the results show inaccurate outputs, and at the same time, it is cruel to the animals. Animal testing is said to date back thousands of years. Existing evidence reveals that the ancient Greeks experimented on living animals. A process known as vivisection, or dissecting living animals, was performed to study theShow MoreRelated Animal Experimentation: A vital role in medical reasearch Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal experimentation has been and will continue to be a source in scientific research. Similarities between animals and humans allow for researchers to provide safer drugs and new treatments for diseases. (Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR), 2008). Animal experiments have provided many positive outcomes in medical advancements that save human and animal lives. However, many people in today’s society have an emotional attachment to animals which fuels opposition to animal experimentationRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Fundamental For Medical Advancement And Cancer Research909 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal experimentation has been a cont roversial issue amongst scientists and animal activists since the early 1600s (Animal Testing - ProCon.org). When it comes to the topic of animal experimentation, most of us will readily agree that it’s necessary for medical research. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of morality. Whereas some are convinced that it’s unethical and scientifically unnecessary, others maintain that it’s needed for medical progress. My stance on the subjectRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing859 Words   |  4 Pagessciences is the use non-human test subjects by medical research institutions. Animals used for experimentation can provide extremely important information due to their physical and genetic similarities to humans. The tradeoff to furthering the field of medical science is that often times these experiments result in pain, suffering, and death of the test subjects. This raises serious ethical and moral questions about the use of animal experimentation. It is a matter of serious debate as to whetherRead MoreArguments Against Animal Testing1157 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to mind when thinking about animal experimentation? Thoughts of innocent, lovable animals being stabbed with sharp needles? Well, that is not exactly the case, as animal experimentation plays a very important role in human health today. However, the idea of animals testing has become quite a controversial topic. Over the past few decades, there has been an extensive debate over the use of animals in medical and product testing. The majority of people seem to think that it is an unnecessaryRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen using animal experimentation to create new ways to help save the human race. There are people who believe that it does help, and that it is necessary to continue, while others oppose and want to fight for the elimination of animal experimentation. Scientists fight for the cures needed to help man kind, but struggle to do so as people fight against their work in progress. But as Jennifer A. Hurley stated, â€Å"History has already shown that animal experimentation is not essential to medical progressRead MoreEssay about The Good, the Bad and Ugly of Animal Experimentation1197 Words   |  5 PagesThe Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Animal Experimentation Animal experimentation plays an important role in today’s medical and pharmaceutical advances, but many question the morality of such a use of animal life. Whether one argues that testing different products and drugs on animals is necessary or not, this has become an integral part of developing products. From that Tylenol we pop to get rid of our headache to that perfect shade of pink lip gloss, animal testing is used in order to produceRead MoreEssay on Save the Animals: Say No to Animal Experimentation!1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfor animals before prescribing them to human beings. However, would it feel good to know that every year, hundreds of thousands of animals are captured from the wild and die just because of these said experiments? For many years now, scientists have been using animals for their laboratory experiments to produce new medicines. Although scientists have been using this process for many decades in the field of medicine, it is still a controversial issue for those who are pro animal experimentation andRead MoreEssay about The Necessities of Animal Experimentation1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe Necessities of Animal Experimentation Throughout my paper, I felt as though I was able to give a solid and fair representation of the opposing viewpoint on issue of animal testing. However, it was challenging because I strongly oppose animal testing. The rhetorical analysis played a role in this, because I was required to use the various rhetorical appeals to compose a strong argument. Using the appeals definitely helped in trying to persuade the reader to acknowledge the opposingRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Unnecessary and Cruel Essay946 Words   |  4 Pagesmillions of animals suffer through painful and unnecessary tests. Animals in laboratories all over the world live lives of deprivation, pain, isolation, and torture. Even though vast studies show that animal experimentation often lacks validity, leading to harmful human reactions, we still continue to use this method of experimentation, while many other less-expensive and more beneficial alternatives exist. Going beyond the issue of animal experimentation being morally wrong, this form of research is alsoRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Its Effects On Human Life And Survival965 Words   |  4 PagesInstructor Miguel Marrero English 1302 September 18, 2014 Animal Experimentation The various experiments are performed on living animals especially to test the effects of chemical compounds such as new drugs, cosmetics, food additives and pesticides. The application of animals to test a large number of products from household compounds and cosmetics to pharmaceutical has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Animal experimentation has existed since ancient times and contributed to human

Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops Free Essays

string(104) " to case studies and reports highlighting potential harms of genetic modification \(The Economist 19\)\." Author: Instructor: Course Title: Date: Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops Genetically modified organisms refer to organisms whose genetic components have been changed to produce an unnatural occurrence. Genetic engineering refers to the technology employed in the alteration of the genetic elements, which also facilitates the transfer of genes between related and non-related species. This technology is applied in the production of Genetically Modified (GM) crops/foods in order to meet the desired objectives of the industry operators. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 1980 US Supreme Court pronouncement on the legal patentability of biological life in the Diamond vs. Chakrabartyn case opened the gateway to genetic engineering (Lex Orbis). There are some perceived benefits of the GM foods industry, both to the producer and consumer, especially in regard to increased food productivity and nutrition. Conversely, there have been reported cases on potential risks to human health and the environment due to GM foods/crops. The harmful effects of GM foods production and consumption cannot be overlooked, due to their impact on human health, the environment and socio-economic operation of a society. The introduction and widespread use of Genetically Modified (GM) foods has been met with uncertainties in regard to public acceptability due to the confirmed and potential harmful effects of this technology. GM foods are disputable for various reasons, one of them being the adverse effects of these foods to human health. There are concerns over deaths, near-deaths and diseases such as cancer and bacterial infections arising out of GM foods. Human beings need food for survival but it is incongruous to consume potentially harmful food for one’s existence just for survival. Studies indicate that there have been recorded deaths attributable to Genetic Engineering in foods. In 1989, a genetic modification of the food supplement known as L-tryptophan produced a devastating disease known as the Eosinophilia Myalgia syndrome (EMS). There were about 37 people who died from the ailment, as well as around 1500 who were physically impaired. The GM food supplement was manufactured by a Japan’s chemical company known as Showa Denko, which offered a $2 billion settlement to the victims, but investigations into the product were not carried out. In addition, initial GM tested products such as Flavr Savr have been reported as harmful to animals, evidenced by the premature deaths of the animals used in these lab tests. Further, in 1996, a company known as Pioneer Hi-Bred, the largest seed company in the US, produced soybeans with the added protein methionine, through splicing Brazil nut DNA into the conventional soybeans (Cummins, Lilliston and Lappe 36). Researchers from the University of Nebraska reported that the use of the GM soybeans may result in fatal allergies to individuals allergic to Brazilian nuts. Fortunately, the company withdrew the product from the market before any fatalities occurred. Allergenic reactions to GM foods are another area of concern to the consumer public. There has been an increasing rate of food-allergenic individuals in the nation, especially among children, which was confirmed by the Center for Disease Control. The increased alteration of diets contributes to the rising rate of food sensitivity, since GM foods are not comparable to regular foods (Nestle). Other indications of the allergenic quality of GM foods include the following: A study on GM potatoes with cod genes indicated they were allergenic; two independent studies indicated that GM Bt corn produced allergenic effects, even on the farmers who used genetically engineered Bt sprays to produce such corn; in 1999, York Laboratory researchers discovered a connection between the rise in allergic reactions to soy and the consumption of GM soy. The potential risks of GM foods extend to disease causality and bacterial infections. Scientists have established a connection between a protein hormone known as GH and a chemical hormone called IGH-1 associated with breast cancer, and in some instances, prostate cancer. The protein hormone GH is injected in dairy cows to facilitate the production of more milk, thus it has been used to boost the productivity of dairy corporations. Genetically modified versions of the hormone have been approved to enhance milk productivity despite warnings by scientists that this GM hormone increases the IGF-1 hormone in consumers, from about 70 to 1000%. Dr. Samuel Epstein, a University of Chicago doctor and the Chairman of the Cancer Prevention Coalition explained the connection between GH and IGF-1; that the GH induces the malignant conversion of human breast epithelial cell types that eventually leads to cancerous growths. However, the US Food and Drugs Administration rejected the importance of such findings. The proponents of GM foods point to some science reviews which claim that GM crops in the market pose limited risks to human health. GM foods undergo protocol tests to determine their effects on human health as well as their allergenic quality. These tests have been evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the result is that the GM foods currently in circulation pose no allergic effects to people. The World Health Organization further maintains that all GM foods in the global market have been approved after passing the necessary risk assessment tests; hence they are not harmful to human health. Additionally, the organization claims that adverse effects of these foods have not been proved among the general public where the GM foods have been permitted thus there should be no reason for alarm (World Health Organization). However, this position falls short of completely meeting the concerns of consumers, since various scientific studies have reflected negative health effects of GM foods, contradicting WHO’s position. Despite the observation of harmful effects on a minority, GM foods cannot be ruled as completely safe for human consumption. In consideration of all the evidence presented, it is certain that genetic engineering technology presents certain dangers and health hazards that need to be thoroughly assessed before GM foods are absorbed into the global market. The assessment criteria for these products should also be revised with reference to case studies and reports highlighting potential harms of genetic modification (The Economist 19). You read "Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops" in category "Essay examples" Consumers should also be fully aware of the type of products displayed in the market in order to make informed choices. Genetic modified foods and crops have also been frowned upon for their potential negative effects to the environment. There are concerns over the toxicity levels in the soil due to genetic engineered farming, leading to soil pollution and destruction of plant and animal life. Despite the positive effects of genetic engineering technology in boosting food supply to the public, the application of this technology raises the use of chemicals and bio-engineered products in farms, hence the environmental degradation. It is essential to support a food crop production system that maintains environmental standards rather than ruin them, thus maintaining the spirit of environmental conservation. The GM crop industry advocates for this technology on the grounds that genetic engineered seeds and plants are helpful to the environment by decreasing the amount of chemicals used in farms. However, most of the GM agricultural products have a high chemical resistance, which in turn increases rather than decreases the use of herbicides or pesticides with toxic effects to the farms. The GM crop industry seeks to profit from the sale of more products, and these include seeds as well as pesticides and herbicides. In light of this issue, it is conceivable that the industry intends to sell more genetic engineered agricultural products as well as chemicals; hence environmental safety is a challenge if farmers rely on these products, since they go hand in hand with great use of herbicides/pesticides. According to environmental scientist, R. J. Goldburg, scientists expect that the use of herbicides will triple due to GM agricultural products (Goldburg 647). An example of a company in this industry is Monsanto, which is a world leading corporation in the production of genetic engineered seeds as well as the herbicide known as Roundup. The herbicide glyphosate, also called Roundup, has damaging effects to plant and animal life. The US Fish and Wildlife Service indicated that Roundup poses a threat to 74 endangered species; it affects natural processes in plant life such as photosynthesis. Further, the herbicide decays in the soil but it leaves deposits on the crops harvested for the consumer. Glyphosate, which is the main component in Roundup, is harmful to humans, and has led to numerous cases of illness among farmers. Various scientific research projects also indicate the harmful effects of GM products to the soil; these include the research carried out by Oregon scientists which indicates the GM microorganism, klebsiella planticola killed vila soil nutrients and rendered it sterile. Similarly, in 1997, it was established that Rhizobium melitoli, a GM bacterium, released toxins in the soil that caused pollution. The Environmental Protection Agency also expressed its concerns over the matter, but these microorganisms are still in operation. The Oregon research also indicated that some of these microbes killed wheat plants when introduced into the soil. Other indicators of the environmental effects of GM products include the creation of super weeds and super pests; plant and animal invasions; destruction of forests; the death of beneficial insects and genetic pollution. GM elements such as Bt endotoxin have been reported to stay in the soil for about 18 months and could be transported to other wild plants, thus forming super weeds, resistant to beetles and butterflies, and this process affects the balance of nature. Super pests are created when common pests like budworms and cottonboll worms develop immunity from toxins due to repeated exposure. Research indicates that cottonboll worms have developed immunity from Bt sprays used in organic farming (Tabashnik, Gassmann and Crowder 199-202). Plant and animal invasions threaten the existing species and result to the imbalance of nature. Emerging GM strains can induce bio-invasions into plant or animal life, such as the invasion of the kudzu vine, which is an exotic plant from Japan with rapid growth. The damage to forest life is yet another justification for the claims against the production of GM foods/crops. GM trees have developed a resistance towards chemical sprays thus when spraying is carried out in a forest with GM trees, they survive but the plant life around them are killed. Unlike rainforests or tropical trees that support animal life such as fungi, insects and birds, GM trees are flowerless and sterile; hence they cannot support forest life in its entirety. Research further demonstrates that GM components destroy beneficial insects in plant life such as the monarch butterfly larvae which feeds on milkweed. In 1997, New Scientist reported that the proteins found in genetically modified canola flowers could potentially harm honeybees (Pain) Additionally, genetic pollution is another negative effect of GM production on the environment. Genetic pollution is facilitated by the transfer of GM pollen through rain, wind, birds or insects, and it becomes difficult to contain since unlike chemical pollution, it does not decay. The government of Thailand terminated field assessments for Bt cotton from Monsanto after the Institute of Traditional Thai Medicine established genetic pollution of nearby plants (GRAIN 1-7). In the face of the controversy around GM technology and its effects on the environment, the supporters of the technology advocate that it offers a solution to environmental strain caused by overpopulation. The proponents of genetic engineering argue that the technology is beneficial to the environment since it presents a solution that prevents further depletion of the environment as the world population rises. It is evident that overpopulation has caused negative effects on the environment, due to the constant struggle for land, water, fuels and other resources necessary for human existence. For this reason, supporters of this technology view it as the means to support the food requirements of the world as a whole while aintaining the status of the environment. GM food production has the potential to support the growing need of food supplies in the present world, but its damaging effects to the environment cannot be ignored since they pose long-term risks, that impact on future generations. These destructive effects on the environment, plant and animal life have been scientifically proven, thus they are not negligible GM crop production definitely introduces harmful effects to the envi ronment and its inhabitants, making it an unsafe means to support food demands. The collaboration of core organizations in the environmental sector should be established in order to forge a way that incorporates stringent environmental standards in the GM food industry. Such organizations include the US Food and Drug Administration and the United Nations Environment Programme. There are a lot of concerns in the GM food industry, with some risks already identified while some remain to be discovered, hence there should be more emphasis on safe food production strategies rather than a technology filled with uncertainties (Krech 580). The other argument against genetically modified foods arises out of the negative political, social and economic implications of the industry to modern society. The extensive application of biotechnology in food production will change established farming drastically, the strongest effect being on the indigenous farmers, and eventually the consumers. GM food production requires patenting, and the large corporations in this sector will eventually push the indigenous farmers out of their farms, while they control food products and prices. Advocates against GM crop production argue that his industry will displace farmers out of their livelihoods, since they face the risk of being bought out by large multinational companies that can pursue genetic engineering from a large-scale level. The control of the GM food production industry by large corporations amounts to bio-colonization, which by extension refers to the power that bio-technology controllers possess in the current and future market. The ability to control genetic components as well as agricultural resources is the source of so much power, for its food production. Indigenous farmers in the U. S. are currently self-sufficient in food production, but with the advancements in the GM food industry, more and more people will be dependent upon these industry controllers for food. These industry controllers may be referred to as the bio-colonizing companies, which will possess a lot of decisive power in the world economy due to their control of genetic and agricultural resources. Agricultural workers will also be greatly afflicted with the transfer of control in the industry from individuals to corporations or governments. The result will be displacement of farmers from their economic activity by more powerful forces, leading to a high rate of food dependency from companies and the government (Committee on the Impact of Biotechnology on Farm-Level Economics and Sustainability 206). Unfortunately, the WTO, World Bank and GATT provide regulations that facilitate large-scale and foreign interests at the expense of local economies, which further impede self-sufficiency in those countries. Another socio-political issue of concern is the debate on the labeling of GM foods. Proponents of GM foods argue that these foods are similar to regular foods thus the need for labeling is unnecessary, but a counterargument is that with the potential risks of GM foods, consumers should be fully aware of the contents of their foods in order to make informed choices. The consumer has the right to be informed of the ingredients in his/her food, irrespective of the safety or harmful levels of the food. Some parties argue for genetic engineering in food production as the solution to world hunger and other economic problems that arise out of food shortages. The proposition is that GM foods can be produced even under harsh soil and climatic conditions since they can be engineered to withstand such conditions. For this reason, most lands that have previously not been utilized for farming can now be made useful, and eventually solve the problem of overcrowding on the fertile lands. According to the proponents, this move is expected to increase food productivity, thus solving two problems at the same time; the scramble for resources and food security. However, such an argument fails to consider the bigger picture in regard to autonomy in food production among local farmers and regions. It is clear that the GM food industry is controlled by large corporations and governments, hence they would in turn control productivity and supply on the international front. In this regard, indigenous farmers as well as small economies do not achieve food security; rather they become more dependent on multinational companies. In summary, genetically engineered foods raise a lot of questions and concerns among the public due to the insufficient information regarding the sector and the potential harm it presents to the people and the environment. There are proponents with valid perspectives who argue for and against the concept, but it is important that the benefits of this technology are weighed against the risks, in order to determine the true value of the industry to consumers (Ackerman). Positive effects include increased food supply and control of overpopulation in fertile lands, but these benefits are overshadowed by the numerous reported and unreported harmful effects of genetic science in food production. From health complications to environmental degradation and negative socio-economic impacts, the GM food production industry is potentially catastrophic in the present time and in the future ahead. Works Cited Ackerman, Jennifer. â€Å"FOOD: How Altered? † National Geographic Magazine. (2002). Web. 18 March 2011. Committee on the Impact of Biotechnology on Farm-Level Economics and Sustainability. Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States. Washington, D. C. : National Academies Press, 2010: 206-207. Print. Cummins, Ronnie, Ben Lilliston and Frances Moore Lappe. Genetically Engineered Food: A Self-Defense Guide for Consumers. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2004: 36-38. Print. Goldburg, R. J. â€Å"Environmental Concerns with the Development of Herbicide-tolerant Crops. † Weed Technology 6. 3 (1992): 647-652. Print. GRAIN. â€Å"Bt Cotton through the Back Door. † Seedling (2001): 1-7. Print. Krech, Shepard. Encyclopedia of World Environmental History: F-N. London: Routledge, 2004: 580-581. Print. Lex Orbis. â€Å"Patenting Microorganisms. † Lex Orbis: Intellectual Property Practice. (30 April 2005). Web. 18 March 2011. Nestle, Marion. Agricultural Biotechnology, Policy, and Nutrition. † The New England Journal of Medicine (2002). Print. Pain, Stephanie. â€Å"War in the Woods – Dutch Elm Disease is back with a Vengeance. But this time Biotechnology. † New Scientist. (1997). Web. 18 March 2011. Tabashnik, BE, et al. â€Å"Insect Resistance to Bt Crops: Evidence versus Theory. † Nature Biotechnolog y (2008): 199-202. Print. The Economist. â€Å"Who’s Afraid of Genetically Modified Foods? † The Economist. (19 June 1999): 19-21. Print. World Health Organization. WHO: 20 Questions on Genetically Modified Foods. 2011. Web. 18 March 2011. How to cite Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops, Essay examples

Crisis and Disaster Organization Management

Question: Discuss about the Crisis and Disaster Organization Management. Answer: Introduction The crisis or risks are identified as the major aspects, due to which the organizations have to face the issues in different conditions. The not for profit organizations are also facing the issues related to the competition of the funding. There are various organizations which have their specific criteria for accepting the funds and the resources, but the economic downturn creates an impact on managing the appropriate criteria and raising funds accordingly. The organization selected for the discussion is related to the Not for profit field and the article for discussion is derived from the paper published by the Australian Government. The family, economic, community and indigenous aspects are handled with the help of the center for corporate and public affairs. The report mainly covers the situational analysis, goals and objectives, stakeholder analysis, strategy, tactics and conclusions. As the PR officer of the organization, the responsibility is to manage the major aspects related to the organization and to manage the crisis management of the organization. Situational Analysis The SWOT analysis is identified as one of the major aspects which is essential to study while studying the economic downturn. These organizations, mainly observed the individual changes in the current scenario. The tabular structure below shows the SWOT study. Strength The strength of the not for profit organization is that there are plenty of funds and services provided to the organizations in complete reference. The specific planning for fund raising and the suitable support of the stakeholders will be provided to the organization. Weakness The NFP Organization is facing the issues related to the finance in a specific manner. The planning is prepared for the specific area rather than preparing the complete planning [1]. Opportunity The collaboration of the peer- organizations is helpful in managing the suitable risk related to the organization. The demand for services and the evaluation in the specific manner can be managed with the help of these opportunities. Threats The threats are mainly from other NFP organizations in Australia. The ratio of the competition and the continued threatening also increases with the specific growth rate. The threats are also observed from the stakeholders, who withdraw their contribution any time. Goals and Objectives The initiation of the report can only be done by setting the specific goals and objectives. The goals and objectives should be managed in a SMART manner. These SMART goals will be helpful in defining the specific targets in an appropriate manner. By these goals, the staring aspects are mentioned on an initial level and the level of competition is also decided simultaneously. This will be helpful in developing the required strategy in a right direction. Analysis of Application The proper analysis of application is successful in delivering the major theories and strategies used for solving the issues related to the crisis management. There are various theories and agendas identified to solve the issues in definite process. The article which is selected for the appropriate discussion is mainly helpful in reflecting the crisis or risk in a definite format. The different type of risk that is observed in the article is shown below. The first risk is related to the distribution of overall funds and amount in a definite manner. The easy distribution will be helpful in making the task easier, so that the maximum amount can be provided to areas suffering from the financial crisis. The cutting and firing of resources are also observed in the article. The non-profit organization are continuously facing the issues of the amount due to which the exchanging of money and the execution of the process is becoming tough. In fact, the employees cannot be able to generate the suitable amount for their success. In year 2008-09, volunteering was getting increasing, but simultaneously the negative impact on the growth was also observed. The major crisis was also observed among the donors, corporate partners and the government. The issues are continuously getting more common and broadened. The coordination of all these perspectives is tough to handle and the crisis is generating in the continuous manner. The other risks which are closely observed is related to the stakeholder issues and the common problems which are arrived due to the general issues. The management of the stakeholders and providing them satisfactory feedback are also identified as one of the important tasks to be managed. For this purpose also, the management of crisis is also essential on a wider level. To solve the issues, and to manage the circumstances related to the financial crisis, suitable planning, tactics and strategy are identified in the proper form. Media and environmental scanning The environmental scanning is done by applying the specific approach in the correct direction. This scanning can be done by the specific rules and regulations to complete the task in a definite way. There are various methods and appropriate aspects defined to solve the appropriate approach. The scanning is done by using the specific tools in a proper manner. Application of theories and principles The theories and principles are various in numbers. These theories are related to the decisions identified by the PR for the profit of the organization. The applications are the implementations which are identified from different areas of tactics and strategies. For defining the concept of the PR and its role in the definite way, the correct tactics and strategy should be selected accordingly. The specific tactic and strategy makes the task easier and most appropriate. The flow of work is also identifid in the proper direction. Stakeholder Analysis The stakeholder analysis is identified as one of the important aspect related to non-profit organization. The strong position of stakeholders is identified through the specific process. There are various stakeholders, such as the corporate people, organizations, volunteers, fund providing organizations and the different people are acting as the major source of the contributors. Apart from this, there are various religious and educational institutes which are also contributing in providing the specific facilities to the nonprofit or not for profit organization. Tactics The specific tactics are identified for completing the specific task. For NFP, the special process is required for completing the desired task. The media tactics and soliciting community are the major methods which are helpful in defining the suitable tactics in every possible manner. The strategic leak is identified as the key tactics by which information can be leaked according to the requirement. This is the method to show the marketing skills in a possible manner. The tactics and strategies can be changed according to the requirement. On temporary level, the suitable contribution can be managed accordingly. On the other hand, the PR techniques are also related to the formation of suitable posters, fliers, brochures and the appropriate notices. By this, the PR can be able to develop the specific assistance for the Not for profit or non-profit organizations. The PR plays an important role in all contrast. To manage the organizational structure and to provide the suitable assistance, the existing strategies are improved in all contrast. Each tactic is directly linked with the specific strategy which will be further helpful in providing the suitable assistance. Strategy The crisis management is identified as the key aspect, in which it becomes inappropriate to manage the present and the future scenario. The strategy should be well-defined and stable, so that it may become easy to manage the crisis. There are various situations defined above which are highlighting the crisis management. For distribution of the specific funds and to regulate the working aspects of the organization in a definite manner, it is essential to prepare the suitable funding plan beforehand. The sponsorship and the financial aspect of the organization can also be managed in a specific manner. This will be helpful in providing the appropriate assistance in the specific process of funding. For distributing the budget specific schemes and process, it is important to identify on an initial level. To manage the situation of resources related to the crisis, the organization is planning various efforts. The crisis related to resources shouldnt be solved by not replacing the staff with any other newcomers. The time duration and requirement of the staff can also be reduced for improving the situation related to the crisis management. Instead of providing the large budgets, the minimum expenses should be designed for the stable process. Apart from this, the resources can also be handled with the specific working approach. The corporate support and the willingness to provide the suitable assistance to the not for profit organization may also be helpful in making the work easier and comfortable. For managing the aspects related to the corporate partners and the stakeholders, there are various strategies which are planned by the organization in a specific manner. The administration and the organized department of the NPF possess the specific rights and process to face the crisis management in a specific and well organized manner. Apart from these, there are defined and different set of strategies which are planned by the organization to avoid the malfunctions related to the crisis management. Some theories and tactics are also adapted to identify the crisis related to the specific process. Timeline The timeline is the specific aspect by which the calculations related to the completion of the task can be done easily and in a structured way. The probabilities and the specific work completion aspects can be managed with the help of the timeline/PERT chart. The Gantt chart and the PERT charts are identified as the most suitable method designed for defining the timeline aspect. The specific presentation of the timeline with the excel chart is shown below. This timeline will be helpful in providing the suitable assistance in a specific manner. Conclusion Studying and analyzing the specific article are helpful in supporting the various perspectives related to the Not for profit or non-profit organization. It is essential to identify the definite crisis specific management perspectives. The economic downturn is identified as the most common reason of issues in the organization. The inappropriate impact and the negative identification are also mentioned on an individual level. It is recommended that to manage the economic downturn, it is essential to prepare the specific report in a definite way. The planned approach will be helpful in improving the existing financial conditions. Other than this, it is also recommended that the definite timeline and the approached structure should be followed to complete the process. This will generate the probability and most possible conditions for completing the existing task. By analyzing this report from every perspective, it is clearly identified that the structured approach is required for handli ng the crisis. The strategic aspects are helpful in pursuing the definite targets and appropriate approaches. References Celsi, C, "PR Goals, Objectives, Strategies And Tactics: How To Tell The Difference" https://www.publicrelationsprincess.com/2014/07/marketing-goals-objectives-strategies-and-tactics-how-to-tell-the-difference.html Greechie, S, "SWOT Analysis Of A Nonprofit Organization" https://smallbusiness.chron.com/swot-analysis-nonprofit-organization-4407.html Johnson, K, "Examples Of Strategies Vs. Tactics In Public Relations" https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/examples-strategies-vs-tactics-public-relations-21216.html PRSA, "From The Front Lines: 4 Challenges The PR Profession Will Take On This Year" https://apps.prsa.org/intelligence/Tactics/Issues#.WINu9NJ95dg Team, APO, "Impact Of The Economic Downturn On Not-For-Profit Organisation Management" https://apo.org.au/node/18565 University of Kansas, "SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, And Threats" https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/operations/mang-sys/planning/2SWOTAnalysisS.htm