Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops Free Essays

string(104) " to case studies and reports highlighting potential harms of genetic modification \(The Economist 19\)\." Author: Instructor: Course Title: Date: Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops Genetically modified organisms refer to organisms whose genetic components have been changed to produce an unnatural occurrence. Genetic engineering refers to the technology employed in the alteration of the genetic elements, which also facilitates the transfer of genes between related and non-related species. This technology is applied in the production of Genetically Modified (GM) crops/foods in order to meet the desired objectives of the industry operators. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 1980 US Supreme Court pronouncement on the legal patentability of biological life in the Diamond vs. Chakrabartyn case opened the gateway to genetic engineering (Lex Orbis). There are some perceived benefits of the GM foods industry, both to the producer and consumer, especially in regard to increased food productivity and nutrition. Conversely, there have been reported cases on potential risks to human health and the environment due to GM foods/crops. The harmful effects of GM foods production and consumption cannot be overlooked, due to their impact on human health, the environment and socio-economic operation of a society. The introduction and widespread use of Genetically Modified (GM) foods has been met with uncertainties in regard to public acceptability due to the confirmed and potential harmful effects of this technology. GM foods are disputable for various reasons, one of them being the adverse effects of these foods to human health. There are concerns over deaths, near-deaths and diseases such as cancer and bacterial infections arising out of GM foods. Human beings need food for survival but it is incongruous to consume potentially harmful food for one’s existence just for survival. Studies indicate that there have been recorded deaths attributable to Genetic Engineering in foods. In 1989, a genetic modification of the food supplement known as L-tryptophan produced a devastating disease known as the Eosinophilia Myalgia syndrome (EMS). There were about 37 people who died from the ailment, as well as around 1500 who were physically impaired. The GM food supplement was manufactured by a Japan’s chemical company known as Showa Denko, which offered a $2 billion settlement to the victims, but investigations into the product were not carried out. In addition, initial GM tested products such as Flavr Savr have been reported as harmful to animals, evidenced by the premature deaths of the animals used in these lab tests. Further, in 1996, a company known as Pioneer Hi-Bred, the largest seed company in the US, produced soybeans with the added protein methionine, through splicing Brazil nut DNA into the conventional soybeans (Cummins, Lilliston and Lappe 36). Researchers from the University of Nebraska reported that the use of the GM soybeans may result in fatal allergies to individuals allergic to Brazilian nuts. Fortunately, the company withdrew the product from the market before any fatalities occurred. Allergenic reactions to GM foods are another area of concern to the consumer public. There has been an increasing rate of food-allergenic individuals in the nation, especially among children, which was confirmed by the Center for Disease Control. The increased alteration of diets contributes to the rising rate of food sensitivity, since GM foods are not comparable to regular foods (Nestle). Other indications of the allergenic quality of GM foods include the following: A study on GM potatoes with cod genes indicated they were allergenic; two independent studies indicated that GM Bt corn produced allergenic effects, even on the farmers who used genetically engineered Bt sprays to produce such corn; in 1999, York Laboratory researchers discovered a connection between the rise in allergic reactions to soy and the consumption of GM soy. The potential risks of GM foods extend to disease causality and bacterial infections. Scientists have established a connection between a protein hormone known as GH and a chemical hormone called IGH-1 associated with breast cancer, and in some instances, prostate cancer. The protein hormone GH is injected in dairy cows to facilitate the production of more milk, thus it has been used to boost the productivity of dairy corporations. Genetically modified versions of the hormone have been approved to enhance milk productivity despite warnings by scientists that this GM hormone increases the IGF-1 hormone in consumers, from about 70 to 1000%. Dr. Samuel Epstein, a University of Chicago doctor and the Chairman of the Cancer Prevention Coalition explained the connection between GH and IGF-1; that the GH induces the malignant conversion of human breast epithelial cell types that eventually leads to cancerous growths. However, the US Food and Drugs Administration rejected the importance of such findings. The proponents of GM foods point to some science reviews which claim that GM crops in the market pose limited risks to human health. GM foods undergo protocol tests to determine their effects on human health as well as their allergenic quality. These tests have been evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the result is that the GM foods currently in circulation pose no allergic effects to people. The World Health Organization further maintains that all GM foods in the global market have been approved after passing the necessary risk assessment tests; hence they are not harmful to human health. Additionally, the organization claims that adverse effects of these foods have not been proved among the general public where the GM foods have been permitted thus there should be no reason for alarm (World Health Organization). However, this position falls short of completely meeting the concerns of consumers, since various scientific studies have reflected negative health effects of GM foods, contradicting WHO’s position. Despite the observation of harmful effects on a minority, GM foods cannot be ruled as completely safe for human consumption. In consideration of all the evidence presented, it is certain that genetic engineering technology presents certain dangers and health hazards that need to be thoroughly assessed before GM foods are absorbed into the global market. The assessment criteria for these products should also be revised with reference to case studies and reports highlighting potential harms of genetic modification (The Economist 19). You read "Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops" in category "Essay examples" Consumers should also be fully aware of the type of products displayed in the market in order to make informed choices. Genetic modified foods and crops have also been frowned upon for their potential negative effects to the environment. There are concerns over the toxicity levels in the soil due to genetic engineered farming, leading to soil pollution and destruction of plant and animal life. Despite the positive effects of genetic engineering technology in boosting food supply to the public, the application of this technology raises the use of chemicals and bio-engineered products in farms, hence the environmental degradation. It is essential to support a food crop production system that maintains environmental standards rather than ruin them, thus maintaining the spirit of environmental conservation. The GM crop industry advocates for this technology on the grounds that genetic engineered seeds and plants are helpful to the environment by decreasing the amount of chemicals used in farms. However, most of the GM agricultural products have a high chemical resistance, which in turn increases rather than decreases the use of herbicides or pesticides with toxic effects to the farms. The GM crop industry seeks to profit from the sale of more products, and these include seeds as well as pesticides and herbicides. In light of this issue, it is conceivable that the industry intends to sell more genetic engineered agricultural products as well as chemicals; hence environmental safety is a challenge if farmers rely on these products, since they go hand in hand with great use of herbicides/pesticides. According to environmental scientist, R. J. Goldburg, scientists expect that the use of herbicides will triple due to GM agricultural products (Goldburg 647). An example of a company in this industry is Monsanto, which is a world leading corporation in the production of genetic engineered seeds as well as the herbicide known as Roundup. The herbicide glyphosate, also called Roundup, has damaging effects to plant and animal life. The US Fish and Wildlife Service indicated that Roundup poses a threat to 74 endangered species; it affects natural processes in plant life such as photosynthesis. Further, the herbicide decays in the soil but it leaves deposits on the crops harvested for the consumer. Glyphosate, which is the main component in Roundup, is harmful to humans, and has led to numerous cases of illness among farmers. Various scientific research projects also indicate the harmful effects of GM products to the soil; these include the research carried out by Oregon scientists which indicates the GM microorganism, klebsiella planticola killed vila soil nutrients and rendered it sterile. Similarly, in 1997, it was established that Rhizobium melitoli, a GM bacterium, released toxins in the soil that caused pollution. The Environmental Protection Agency also expressed its concerns over the matter, but these microorganisms are still in operation. The Oregon research also indicated that some of these microbes killed wheat plants when introduced into the soil. Other indicators of the environmental effects of GM products include the creation of super weeds and super pests; plant and animal invasions; destruction of forests; the death of beneficial insects and genetic pollution. GM elements such as Bt endotoxin have been reported to stay in the soil for about 18 months and could be transported to other wild plants, thus forming super weeds, resistant to beetles and butterflies, and this process affects the balance of nature. Super pests are created when common pests like budworms and cottonboll worms develop immunity from toxins due to repeated exposure. Research indicates that cottonboll worms have developed immunity from Bt sprays used in organic farming (Tabashnik, Gassmann and Crowder 199-202). Plant and animal invasions threaten the existing species and result to the imbalance of nature. Emerging GM strains can induce bio-invasions into plant or animal life, such as the invasion of the kudzu vine, which is an exotic plant from Japan with rapid growth. The damage to forest life is yet another justification for the claims against the production of GM foods/crops. GM trees have developed a resistance towards chemical sprays thus when spraying is carried out in a forest with GM trees, they survive but the plant life around them are killed. Unlike rainforests or tropical trees that support animal life such as fungi, insects and birds, GM trees are flowerless and sterile; hence they cannot support forest life in its entirety. Research further demonstrates that GM components destroy beneficial insects in plant life such as the monarch butterfly larvae which feeds on milkweed. In 1997, New Scientist reported that the proteins found in genetically modified canola flowers could potentially harm honeybees (Pain) Additionally, genetic pollution is another negative effect of GM production on the environment. Genetic pollution is facilitated by the transfer of GM pollen through rain, wind, birds or insects, and it becomes difficult to contain since unlike chemical pollution, it does not decay. The government of Thailand terminated field assessments for Bt cotton from Monsanto after the Institute of Traditional Thai Medicine established genetic pollution of nearby plants (GRAIN 1-7). In the face of the controversy around GM technology and its effects on the environment, the supporters of the technology advocate that it offers a solution to environmental strain caused by overpopulation. The proponents of genetic engineering argue that the technology is beneficial to the environment since it presents a solution that prevents further depletion of the environment as the world population rises. It is evident that overpopulation has caused negative effects on the environment, due to the constant struggle for land, water, fuels and other resources necessary for human existence. For this reason, supporters of this technology view it as the means to support the food requirements of the world as a whole while aintaining the status of the environment. GM food production has the potential to support the growing need of food supplies in the present world, but its damaging effects to the environment cannot be ignored since they pose long-term risks, that impact on future generations. These destructive effects on the environment, plant and animal life have been scientifically proven, thus they are not negligible GM crop production definitely introduces harmful effects to the envi ronment and its inhabitants, making it an unsafe means to support food demands. The collaboration of core organizations in the environmental sector should be established in order to forge a way that incorporates stringent environmental standards in the GM food industry. Such organizations include the US Food and Drug Administration and the United Nations Environment Programme. There are a lot of concerns in the GM food industry, with some risks already identified while some remain to be discovered, hence there should be more emphasis on safe food production strategies rather than a technology filled with uncertainties (Krech 580). The other argument against genetically modified foods arises out of the negative political, social and economic implications of the industry to modern society. The extensive application of biotechnology in food production will change established farming drastically, the strongest effect being on the indigenous farmers, and eventually the consumers. GM food production requires patenting, and the large corporations in this sector will eventually push the indigenous farmers out of their farms, while they control food products and prices. Advocates against GM crop production argue that his industry will displace farmers out of their livelihoods, since they face the risk of being bought out by large multinational companies that can pursue genetic engineering from a large-scale level. The control of the GM food production industry by large corporations amounts to bio-colonization, which by extension refers to the power that bio-technology controllers possess in the current and future market. The ability to control genetic components as well as agricultural resources is the source of so much power, for its food production. Indigenous farmers in the U. S. are currently self-sufficient in food production, but with the advancements in the GM food industry, more and more people will be dependent upon these industry controllers for food. These industry controllers may be referred to as the bio-colonizing companies, which will possess a lot of decisive power in the world economy due to their control of genetic and agricultural resources. Agricultural workers will also be greatly afflicted with the transfer of control in the industry from individuals to corporations or governments. The result will be displacement of farmers from their economic activity by more powerful forces, leading to a high rate of food dependency from companies and the government (Committee on the Impact of Biotechnology on Farm-Level Economics and Sustainability 206). Unfortunately, the WTO, World Bank and GATT provide regulations that facilitate large-scale and foreign interests at the expense of local economies, which further impede self-sufficiency in those countries. Another socio-political issue of concern is the debate on the labeling of GM foods. Proponents of GM foods argue that these foods are similar to regular foods thus the need for labeling is unnecessary, but a counterargument is that with the potential risks of GM foods, consumers should be fully aware of the contents of their foods in order to make informed choices. The consumer has the right to be informed of the ingredients in his/her food, irrespective of the safety or harmful levels of the food. Some parties argue for genetic engineering in food production as the solution to world hunger and other economic problems that arise out of food shortages. The proposition is that GM foods can be produced even under harsh soil and climatic conditions since they can be engineered to withstand such conditions. For this reason, most lands that have previously not been utilized for farming can now be made useful, and eventually solve the problem of overcrowding on the fertile lands. According to the proponents, this move is expected to increase food productivity, thus solving two problems at the same time; the scramble for resources and food security. However, such an argument fails to consider the bigger picture in regard to autonomy in food production among local farmers and regions. It is clear that the GM food industry is controlled by large corporations and governments, hence they would in turn control productivity and supply on the international front. In this regard, indigenous farmers as well as small economies do not achieve food security; rather they become more dependent on multinational companies. In summary, genetically engineered foods raise a lot of questions and concerns among the public due to the insufficient information regarding the sector and the potential harm it presents to the people and the environment. There are proponents with valid perspectives who argue for and against the concept, but it is important that the benefits of this technology are weighed against the risks, in order to determine the true value of the industry to consumers (Ackerman). Positive effects include increased food supply and control of overpopulation in fertile lands, but these benefits are overshadowed by the numerous reported and unreported harmful effects of genetic science in food production. From health complications to environmental degradation and negative socio-economic impacts, the GM food production industry is potentially catastrophic in the present time and in the future ahead. Works Cited Ackerman, Jennifer. â€Å"FOOD: How Altered? † National Geographic Magazine. (2002). Web. 18 March 2011. Committee on the Impact of Biotechnology on Farm-Level Economics and Sustainability. Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States. Washington, D. C. : National Academies Press, 2010: 206-207. Print. Cummins, Ronnie, Ben Lilliston and Frances Moore Lappe. Genetically Engineered Food: A Self-Defense Guide for Consumers. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2004: 36-38. Print. Goldburg, R. J. â€Å"Environmental Concerns with the Development of Herbicide-tolerant Crops. † Weed Technology 6. 3 (1992): 647-652. Print. GRAIN. â€Å"Bt Cotton through the Back Door. † Seedling (2001): 1-7. Print. Krech, Shepard. Encyclopedia of World Environmental History: F-N. London: Routledge, 2004: 580-581. Print. Lex Orbis. â€Å"Patenting Microorganisms. † Lex Orbis: Intellectual Property Practice. (30 April 2005). Web. 18 March 2011. Nestle, Marion. Agricultural Biotechnology, Policy, and Nutrition. † The New England Journal of Medicine (2002). Print. Pain, Stephanie. â€Å"War in the Woods – Dutch Elm Disease is back with a Vengeance. But this time Biotechnology. † New Scientist. (1997). Web. 18 March 2011. Tabashnik, BE, et al. â€Å"Insect Resistance to Bt Crops: Evidence versus Theory. † Nature Biotechnolog y (2008): 199-202. Print. The Economist. â€Å"Who’s Afraid of Genetically Modified Foods? † The Economist. (19 June 1999): 19-21. Print. World Health Organization. WHO: 20 Questions on Genetically Modified Foods. 2011. Web. 18 March 2011. How to cite Negative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops, Essay examples

Crisis and Disaster Organization Management

Question: Discuss about the Crisis and Disaster Organization Management. Answer: Introduction The crisis or risks are identified as the major aspects, due to which the organizations have to face the issues in different conditions. The not for profit organizations are also facing the issues related to the competition of the funding. There are various organizations which have their specific criteria for accepting the funds and the resources, but the economic downturn creates an impact on managing the appropriate criteria and raising funds accordingly. The organization selected for the discussion is related to the Not for profit field and the article for discussion is derived from the paper published by the Australian Government. The family, economic, community and indigenous aspects are handled with the help of the center for corporate and public affairs. The report mainly covers the situational analysis, goals and objectives, stakeholder analysis, strategy, tactics and conclusions. As the PR officer of the organization, the responsibility is to manage the major aspects related to the organization and to manage the crisis management of the organization. Situational Analysis The SWOT analysis is identified as one of the major aspects which is essential to study while studying the economic downturn. These organizations, mainly observed the individual changes in the current scenario. The tabular structure below shows the SWOT study. Strength The strength of the not for profit organization is that there are plenty of funds and services provided to the organizations in complete reference. The specific planning for fund raising and the suitable support of the stakeholders will be provided to the organization. Weakness The NFP Organization is facing the issues related to the finance in a specific manner. The planning is prepared for the specific area rather than preparing the complete planning [1]. Opportunity The collaboration of the peer- organizations is helpful in managing the suitable risk related to the organization. The demand for services and the evaluation in the specific manner can be managed with the help of these opportunities. Threats The threats are mainly from other NFP organizations in Australia. The ratio of the competition and the continued threatening also increases with the specific growth rate. The threats are also observed from the stakeholders, who withdraw their contribution any time. Goals and Objectives The initiation of the report can only be done by setting the specific goals and objectives. The goals and objectives should be managed in a SMART manner. These SMART goals will be helpful in defining the specific targets in an appropriate manner. By these goals, the staring aspects are mentioned on an initial level and the level of competition is also decided simultaneously. This will be helpful in developing the required strategy in a right direction. Analysis of Application The proper analysis of application is successful in delivering the major theories and strategies used for solving the issues related to the crisis management. There are various theories and agendas identified to solve the issues in definite process. The article which is selected for the appropriate discussion is mainly helpful in reflecting the crisis or risk in a definite format. The different type of risk that is observed in the article is shown below. The first risk is related to the distribution of overall funds and amount in a definite manner. The easy distribution will be helpful in making the task easier, so that the maximum amount can be provided to areas suffering from the financial crisis. The cutting and firing of resources are also observed in the article. The non-profit organization are continuously facing the issues of the amount due to which the exchanging of money and the execution of the process is becoming tough. In fact, the employees cannot be able to generate the suitable amount for their success. In year 2008-09, volunteering was getting increasing, but simultaneously the negative impact on the growth was also observed. The major crisis was also observed among the donors, corporate partners and the government. The issues are continuously getting more common and broadened. The coordination of all these perspectives is tough to handle and the crisis is generating in the continuous manner. The other risks which are closely observed is related to the stakeholder issues and the common problems which are arrived due to the general issues. The management of the stakeholders and providing them satisfactory feedback are also identified as one of the important tasks to be managed. For this purpose also, the management of crisis is also essential on a wider level. To solve the issues, and to manage the circumstances related to the financial crisis, suitable planning, tactics and strategy are identified in the proper form. Media and environmental scanning The environmental scanning is done by applying the specific approach in the correct direction. This scanning can be done by the specific rules and regulations to complete the task in a definite way. There are various methods and appropriate aspects defined to solve the appropriate approach. The scanning is done by using the specific tools in a proper manner. Application of theories and principles The theories and principles are various in numbers. These theories are related to the decisions identified by the PR for the profit of the organization. The applications are the implementations which are identified from different areas of tactics and strategies. For defining the concept of the PR and its role in the definite way, the correct tactics and strategy should be selected accordingly. The specific tactic and strategy makes the task easier and most appropriate. The flow of work is also identifid in the proper direction. Stakeholder Analysis The stakeholder analysis is identified as one of the important aspect related to non-profit organization. The strong position of stakeholders is identified through the specific process. There are various stakeholders, such as the corporate people, organizations, volunteers, fund providing organizations and the different people are acting as the major source of the contributors. Apart from this, there are various religious and educational institutes which are also contributing in providing the specific facilities to the nonprofit or not for profit organization. Tactics The specific tactics are identified for completing the specific task. For NFP, the special process is required for completing the desired task. The media tactics and soliciting community are the major methods which are helpful in defining the suitable tactics in every possible manner. The strategic leak is identified as the key tactics by which information can be leaked according to the requirement. This is the method to show the marketing skills in a possible manner. The tactics and strategies can be changed according to the requirement. On temporary level, the suitable contribution can be managed accordingly. On the other hand, the PR techniques are also related to the formation of suitable posters, fliers, brochures and the appropriate notices. By this, the PR can be able to develop the specific assistance for the Not for profit or non-profit organizations. The PR plays an important role in all contrast. To manage the organizational structure and to provide the suitable assistance, the existing strategies are improved in all contrast. Each tactic is directly linked with the specific strategy which will be further helpful in providing the suitable assistance. Strategy The crisis management is identified as the key aspect, in which it becomes inappropriate to manage the present and the future scenario. The strategy should be well-defined and stable, so that it may become easy to manage the crisis. There are various situations defined above which are highlighting the crisis management. For distribution of the specific funds and to regulate the working aspects of the organization in a definite manner, it is essential to prepare the suitable funding plan beforehand. The sponsorship and the financial aspect of the organization can also be managed in a specific manner. This will be helpful in providing the appropriate assistance in the specific process of funding. For distributing the budget specific schemes and process, it is important to identify on an initial level. To manage the situation of resources related to the crisis, the organization is planning various efforts. The crisis related to resources shouldnt be solved by not replacing the staff with any other newcomers. The time duration and requirement of the staff can also be reduced for improving the situation related to the crisis management. Instead of providing the large budgets, the minimum expenses should be designed for the stable process. Apart from this, the resources can also be handled with the specific working approach. The corporate support and the willingness to provide the suitable assistance to the not for profit organization may also be helpful in making the work easier and comfortable. For managing the aspects related to the corporate partners and the stakeholders, there are various strategies which are planned by the organization in a specific manner. The administration and the organized department of the NPF possess the specific rights and process to face the crisis management in a specific and well organized manner. Apart from these, there are defined and different set of strategies which are planned by the organization to avoid the malfunctions related to the crisis management. Some theories and tactics are also adapted to identify the crisis related to the specific process. Timeline The timeline is the specific aspect by which the calculations related to the completion of the task can be done easily and in a structured way. The probabilities and the specific work completion aspects can be managed with the help of the timeline/PERT chart. The Gantt chart and the PERT charts are identified as the most suitable method designed for defining the timeline aspect. The specific presentation of the timeline with the excel chart is shown below. This timeline will be helpful in providing the suitable assistance in a specific manner. Conclusion Studying and analyzing the specific article are helpful in supporting the various perspectives related to the Not for profit or non-profit organization. It is essential to identify the definite crisis specific management perspectives. The economic downturn is identified as the most common reason of issues in the organization. The inappropriate impact and the negative identification are also mentioned on an individual level. It is recommended that to manage the economic downturn, it is essential to prepare the specific report in a definite way. The planned approach will be helpful in improving the existing financial conditions. Other than this, it is also recommended that the definite timeline and the approached structure should be followed to complete the process. This will generate the probability and most possible conditions for completing the existing task. By analyzing this report from every perspective, it is clearly identified that the structured approach is required for handli ng the crisis. The strategic aspects are helpful in pursuing the definite targets and appropriate approaches. References Celsi, C, "PR Goals, Objectives, Strategies And Tactics: How To Tell The Difference" https://www.publicrelationsprincess.com/2014/07/marketing-goals-objectives-strategies-and-tactics-how-to-tell-the-difference.html Greechie, S, "SWOT Analysis Of A Nonprofit Organization" https://smallbusiness.chron.com/swot-analysis-nonprofit-organization-4407.html Johnson, K, "Examples Of Strategies Vs. Tactics In Public Relations" https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/examples-strategies-vs-tactics-public-relations-21216.html PRSA, "From The Front Lines: 4 Challenges The PR Profession Will Take On This Year" https://apps.prsa.org/intelligence/Tactics/Issues#.WINu9NJ95dg Team, APO, "Impact Of The Economic Downturn On Not-For-Profit Organisation Management" https://apo.org.au/node/18565 University of Kansas, "SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, And Threats" https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/operations/mang-sys/planning/2SWOTAnalysisS.htm

APEH CH 13 Book Quiz Flashcard

APEH CH 13 Book Quiz

Practical Hints on Writing Online Discussion Posts

Practical Hints on Writing Online Discussion Posts Basic Notions for the Discussion Board Post Writing If you are a newcomer to the world of online courses and eager to gain your first online learning experience, the first thought that crosses your mind is What is pivotal in online studying? A seasoned student will give you a sound piece of advice to consider online discussion posts, which are also known as the discussion board, to be of the utmost importance. Nonetheless, the discussion board post writing is not petrifying and could be a piece of cake if done properly. The first thing you need to remember is that a discussion board is not the place where you can only get your course requirements. It is specially developed as the channel of communication with your professors and classmates. What is more, that is the exact place where you should seek help and share information on the course. That is why it is strongly advised to make your own posts and participate in other discussions in order to ace the course and to be (or at least to make an impression of) a diligent student. Steps to Follow While Writing Discussion Posts Consider the purpose of writing. Get prepared. Look through the posting directions. Take a stand on the point. Search for supporting evidence. Compile your response. Publish your post on time. Step 1: Consider the purpose of discussion posts writing During the classes, both students and professors have an opportunity to participate in the discussion about the subject and present their points of view. As it was already mentioned above, writing discussion posts substitutes for this participation in online courses. The only difference is that you use your fingers and keyboard instead of your voice! Summarizing this point, you need to keep the language and tone conversational. Post, respond, and facilitate other discussions! Step 2: Get prepared There is no point in presenting some nonsense if you were supposed to conduct research, fulfill any assignment, or read any related information. No one is interested in wasting their time on reading a post with a half-baked idea behind it. Make sure to double-check each and every word or thought you are about to post. Step 3: Look through the posting directions What are the directives? Is it about presenting your personal attitude, res tating the ideas already mentioned, or something else? Pay attention to the related posts before compiling your own one. Step 4: Mind the point. Is there something you want to present or just share with your fellows and professors? Mind the relevance of your point and narrow down the topic. Imprint on your memory the magnitude of the balance and interconnection of the ideas and theories, as well as real life examples. You can ask your professor to clarify any confusing points, but make sure to do it in advance. Step 5: Search for supporting evidence. Remember no evidence, no case. The backup documentation is number 1 requirement for presenting any point. Frankly speaking, it does not matter where you have taken this data from the news, the latest research, your real life situation, or course material. The source is of no importance as long as it is credible. While preparing for the discussion, jot down any valuable piece of information in order to be able to find necessary statist ics but not to rack your brain, trying to recollect it. It goes without saying that your post needs references. Bear in mind to cite properly. Plagiarism is always plagiarism, so make sure to give credits to those people, who compiled the works you are using. Just mention the author/researcher, title, and date. Step 6: Compile your response Hopefully, there is no need to highlight the importance of writing a coherent post, which is logically divided into paragraphs. You may also use the bullet points or a list if necessary. Use word processing software while writing. Moreover, mind to use the spell checker and the preview mode after finishing the post. Later you will only need to copy and paste the post to the discussion board. Follow the rules stated in the syllabus requirements or course introduction. If you need to respond to another post, do it wisely and properly. Opt for posting to make a response, imagining the same situation in the class environment. Would you respond to the same statement if it was made in the live discussion? If you answer positively, then you can move on to writing a discussion board response. If you answer negatively, leave this post and look for another one until you find the one that interests you. Brevity is the soul of wit until it explains your point to the audience. The answers I agree (with XXX) or Interesting are not answers. Make sure to explain why you agree. In addition, there is nothing wrong if you disagree with your classmates position. Just do it politely and support you claim with solid evidence. Theory and practice are not parallel lines, they need to cross. The focal point of the discussion is to apply the theory to the real life. It is better to cut a long story short, providing a personal example, than ramble around theory and pad your answer with meaningless words. You can pass the test answering ABC but fail when it comes to practice. Step 7: Publish your post on time Each and every post or comment should be made on time. If you are asked to start with posting and only then move on to making responses, do it in the required way. First post and only then take your time to respond to the appealing post. The worst thing that might happen to you is the professor who found out that you had failed to meet such an easy requirement. Do it properly and start an intense yet reasoned discussion. You may get additional points for that.

International trade opportunities between the United States and Essay - 1

International trade opportunities between the United States and Guatemala - Essay Example In the years between 1950 and 1990, the U.S. supplied the Guatemalan army with guns, military training, and financial resources. This period in Guatemalan history is filled with much political conflict and civilian bloodshed. Despite the growing economy, Guatemala is still a very poor country with 56% of the roughly 12 million inhabitants living below the poverty line. During the civil war as many as 1 million people left Guatemala and took refuge in the United States. Today remittance from Guatemalans working in the U.S. brings an amount of money to the country equalling the value of two-thirds of all exports (Guatemala, 2008). Half of the work force in Guatemala participates in the agriculture industry. The main exports are coffee ($473 million per year), fruits and nuts ($367 million per year), and sugar ($261 million per year) (International Trade Centre, 2005). Textiles, petroleum, perfumes, and other foods including plantains make up most of the other products exported from Guatemala. The manufacturing sector has been an important part of the international export industry. Clothing and textile fabrics account for a large proportion of exports as well. The United States is the recipient of nearly $1.1 billion worth of all of these export items each year. In return, Guatemala imports from the United States more than $676 million each year of grains including wheat and corn, soybeans, meats and animal fats, pharmaceuticals, paper products, and communications equipment. The United States provides over 34% of all Guatemalan imports and takes in over 42% of all its exports, making the U.S. one of its most i mportant trade partners (Guatemala Times, 2008). Current barriers to trade with Guatemala include past allegations of corruption from government officials. Confidence levels of investors may have been weakened by concerns about security in this historically war torn Central American country. However, Guatemala is

American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

American Indian - Essay Example on in the modern world of the Americans, American Indians or the Native Americans have a number of conflicting policies toward the American Government who makes the law. The American government have policies that separate the American Indians from their lands while they are making policies to recognize their sovereign rights to their territories (Brookeman, 1990). Let us tackle how certain government policies which have been promulgated by different presidents of the United States have influenced over the overlapping of Native American policies and how being their presidency affected the rights of the natives to recognize their rights to live in the present society. President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965 after years of fighting for Civil Rights signed into law the Voting Rights Act (VRA) which was considered by many as the most significant civil rights law ever enacted. This law gives the minority groups for equal voting protection and power and it removes other laws that prohibit African Americans, Latino-Americans, Asian-Americans and Native Americans to vote. This defines broad political equality and their political participation to determine their choice for political leaders. In 1970, President Richard Nixon has declared a national policy and self-determination for Indian tribes. This policy was promulgated into Executive Order 13336 which states its adherence to a government-to-government support and relationship for tribal sovereignty and self-reliance. This has resulted with the ratification Executive Order 13175 in 2000 which relates to the Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (USDJ, 2007). Jimmy Carter the 39th US President signed into law S.J. Resolution 102 which is the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978. This law has empowered the political rights of the American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut and Native Hawaiian people to protect and preserve their inherent rights to exercise their traditional religions under the

Paraphrasing this essay so no one find it plagiarism

Paraphrasing this so no one find it plagiarism - Essay Example There are three major enthusiasts of the North Face including men and women who are between the ages of 18 and 35 and fall within and the higher class of their socioeconomic classes. It is thought that these customers emerge as the most profitable as well as brand loyal. The customers are also realized to become more concerned with reliability and their well maintenance of their outdoor gear just due to their outdoor lifestyles that are active. The health conscious customers would be the second group to focus with the advertisement. The group that mainly belongs to the upper/middle socioeconomic brackets is mainly composed of men and women within the ages of 25 and 50. The third group of focus is this that consists of both men and women in 50s to 70s and fall in the lower to upper socioeconomic brackets. The company maintains a given innovative product design by doing things differently. As a result, the North Face takes advantage of the fact that it is a highly respected leader in the industry as well as being considered highly priced in the industry to maintain their loyal customers. The consistent development and introduction of new products is the very good example of the North Faces advantage. The looks, style, durability and quality of the product have been established to be the strongest attributes to The North Faces value position. The customer has found a good position in the market against its competitors as to offer sustainable, durable,, as well as high-quality products. These are products that can withstand harsh climatic conditions last longer. The main reason that this company wants to be providing high-quality products is because they want their customers to feel secure when making the purchases. This has been a good and easy way for the company to maintain their com pany trust. They have these marketing strategies that are meant to go beyond the competitors as well as going beyond and above the expectations of the